3-way match

Three-way match in construction: invoice, delivery note and the contract price list

The accounts-payable definition of three-way matching assumes a PO for every purchase. Job sites often work differently. Here is what the match looks like when the contract is the reference.

Checked on · 5 min read

What is a three-way match?

In accounts payable, a two-way match compares the invoice with the purchase order: price and quantity ordered. A three-way match adds the receipt — the delivery note, delivery ticket or goods received note (GRN) — so you only pay for what actually arrived. A four-way match adds an inspection or acceptance step. These are the definitions used by AP software vendors such as Ramp and by construction vendors such as Remarcable (checked 2026-09-29).

MatchComparesCatches
2-wayInvoice ↔ POPrice or quantity different from what was ordered
3-wayInvoice ↔ PO ↔ receipt (delivery note / GRN)Billing for goods that never arrived, or arrived short
4-way3-way + inspection/acceptanceGoods that arrived but were rejected

Why doesn’t the textbook version fit construction?

The textbook assumes one PO per purchase, raised in an ERP before the goods are ordered. On many job sites the site manager calls off concrete, rebar or aggregates as the work needs them, against prices agreed once in a supply contract or price list for the job. There is no PO per delivery to match against — the agreement is the contract.

Matching is also more useful at line level than at header level. A header-level match compares totals; a line-level match compares each item, quantity and unit price, which is where concrete classes, bar diameters and surcharges differ.

In the UK there is another nuance: for subcontract work the “receipt” is often a certified valuation, not a delivery note. Archdesk, a UK construction ERP, describes its match as invoice ↔ PO ↔ certified valuation ↔ delivery note (checked 2026-09-29). Subcontractor valuations and applications for payment are outside what Audiree checks; it focuses on materials deliveries.

Why UK subcontractor invoices look different

Under the UK VAT domestic reverse charge (since 1 March 2021), construction services reported under CIS are invoiced without VAT for the customer to account for. It does not apply to materials delivered on their own, so a builders’ merchant’s invoice is normally VAT-charged as usual (GOV.UK, checked 2026-09-29).

What does a three-way match look like with a contract price list?

The questions stay the same: is each invoiced line backed by a signed note, is the quantity and unit right, is it the same item, and is the unit price the contracted one? The difference is that the price reference is a contract line, and the description on the note rarely matches the contract text exactly.

LegStandard APConstruction job site
What was agreedPurchase orderSupply contract / price list for the job site
What arrivedGRN / receiving reportDelivery note or delivery ticket signed on site
What is billedInvoiceInvoice, often a monthly summary of many notes

How Audiree runs the match

The same lines feed a per-job-site dashboard: contracted vs invoiced, pending exposure and alerts, with a monthly breakdown and CSV export.

  1. 01Delivery notes arrive as photos from the site chat group, PDFs or forwarded emails; invoices the same way.
  2. 02Two AI models read each document independently and extract every line: item, quantity, unit, price. Disagreements go to human review.
  3. 03Each line is matched to the job site’s contract price list by meaning (“CONC C25/30” = “Concrete C25/30 XC2”).
  4. 04Ten deterministic checks (V1–V10) compare line price with contract price × quantity, totals with lines, units, item identity, supplier NIF and the contract reference — the wrong-contract detector.
  5. 05What matches is approved automatically; differences go to the review queue with the exact amount and are resolved in one click.

What about tolerances?

Most AP tools let you set a tolerance — an accepted difference before a line becomes an exception. Audiree applies a tolerance to rebar tonnage (V7), since rebar billed by weight rarely agrees with the note to the kilo; prices are compared with the contract price as agreed. How tolerances are set for your company is part of adapting the platform to your management model, and is something to go through in the demo.

What Audiree doesn’t do, and where it is available

Audiree is not an ERP, an accounting system or AP payment software. It does not pay suppliers, does not issue delivery notes or invoices, is not a certified tax archive and does not submit anything to the Portuguese tax authority (AT). It does not validate ATCUD codes, QR codes or signatures with the AT — the document number and ATCUD are used to catch duplicates. It gives no tax advice: VAT rates and reverse-charge treatment stay with your accountant. There are no ready-made connectors to specific ERPs; checked data exports to CSV for Excel or for posting in the system you already use.

Audiree is built in Portugal and works today with Portuguese construction companies. Reading does not depend on a document’s layout, so delivery notes and invoices from suppliers in other countries can be read as they are. If you run projects outside Portugal, we run demos with your own documents — but we don’t claim local tax rules or integrations for your market.

Frequently asked questions

Is three-way matching possible without purchase orders?

Yes, if another document records what was agreed. On construction job sites that is usually the supply contract or price list; it becomes the third leg of the match.

What counts as the receipt on a construction site?

Usually the delivery note or delivery ticket signed on site. A separate goods received note tends to exist only where there is a stores or yard function or an ERP receiving step.

Is a bill of lading the receipt?

Not for this purpose. A bill of lading is the carrier’s document for freight; the supplier’s delivery note or ticket is what records what arrived on site.

Does Audiree match subcontractor valuations?

No. Audiree checks materials delivery notes and supplier invoices against the contract price list. Subcontract valuations, applications for payment and retention are outside its scope.

Which alternatives exist for US or UK contractors?

Tools such as Kojo and Field Materials (US) and LiveCosts (UK/IE/AU) describe three-way matching with POs on their own sites (checked 2026-09-29). See Audiree vs Kojo and Audiree vs LiveCosts.

Sources

  1. 1.Ramp — What is 3-way matching in accounts payable
  2. 2.Remarcable — What is 3-way matching in construction
  3. 3.Archdesk — construction invoicing (invoice, PO, certified valuation, delivery note)
  4. 4.GOV.UK — VAT domestic reverse charge for building and construction services

Demo

Watch the matching do itself.

Bring two contracts and a month of delivery notes and invoices. In 30 minutes we run your own documents live, line by line, with your numbers.